Stem cells as an advance in medical science.

A Review of Stem Cells (hMSCs).

Las células madre se caracterizan por tener capacidad de auto renovación a través de división celular y además pueden diferenciarse a distintos linajes celulares. Se clasifican en tres tipos: células madre embrionarias (ESC), células madre pluripotentes inducidas (iPSC) y células madre adultas. Dentro de las células madre adulta encontramos las células madre mesenquimales (MSC).

Since embryonic stem cells were first isolated, the scientific community celebrated the opening of endless possibilities and wanted to promote their use in the discovery of new drugs, immunotherapy and regenerative medicine. However, the ethical implications of obtaining and using these cells from human fetuses meant that their use was severely restricted.

What Are Mesenchymal Stem Cells?

They are multipotent adult stem cells, which can differentiate into various cell types while maintaining a high capacity for self-renewal. They owe their name mesenchymal to their ability to differentiate into other cell types from the mesoderm. Although they were first isolated from bone marrow, they are now obtained from many tissues including adipose tissue, umbilical cord or placenta.

This type of cell is considered the greatest scientific advance in regenerative medicine, with no ethical conflicts and practically no complications associated with treatment.

Se ha demostrado que estas células pueden diferenciarse in vitro o in vivo a adipocitos, condrocitos, osteoblastos, neuronas, hepatocitos y células pancreáticas.

Se aíslan fácilmente y además mantienen su capacidad de expandirse durante largos periodos de tiempo sin perder sus características. Así son ideales para trabajar con ellas en cultivos de laboratorios especializados en bio-farmacéutica.

Se pueden diferenciar de mesodermo a ectodermo y endodermo en función de las condiciones de cultivo que se utilicen.

They have immunomodulatory properties. They secrete cytokines and receptors that are capable of modifying the host's immune microenvironment. The human mesenchymal stem cells from the umbilical cord matrix (hMSC-UC). In vitro They can be differentiated into adipocytes, chondrocytes, and osteoblasts.

All these properties make mesenchymal stem cells different from others and their use in both cell therapy and the treatment of chronic diseases (neurodegenerative, autoimmune and cardiovascular) is being considered.